Found inside – Page 651We shall confine our discussion to sentences comprising a single clause with more ... noun phrase each pilot, at least in terms of the sentence's surface ... Found inside – Page 43Surface structures are what differentiates individual languages. ... states that if the noun of an embedded sentence is the same as the matrix sentence, ... Found insideThe underlined noun phrases in the following pair of sentences are ambiguous ... The surface structure term that corresponds to this case role is almafcūl ... Found inside – Page 253... that is inserted into certain sentences at the level of surface structure, ... also held the subject noun to be a modifier of the verb, but that this ... Found inside – Page 45It expresses the basic logical relations between nouns and verbs . ... The sentence 3 has been transformed into its surface structure 2 simply by shifting ... Found inside – Page 187help (l John [c|ass:proper-noun] ll Mary [classzproper-noun]) Figure 6.27 ... REALPRO's task is to produce a surface sentence from such a structure by ... Found inside – Page 332(h) The feature SURFACE-POSITION-4 accounts for the surface position of words in the sentence including deleted autosemantic words as well as surface words. Found inside( 19 ) Sentence NP VP Noun Cop Predicate ANP John is Adjective Sentence Noun ... Please Noun Someone The surface structures assigned to the two sentences by ... Found inside – Page 187... structure is concerned , and may be called ' surface noun phrases ' . ... For example , the surface structure of the sentence , ' Jack loves every woman ... Found inside – Page 826The surface sentence Iroiro mondai ga áru can have at least two immediate ... Some precopular nouns will appear to be pure nouns meaning ' one who is . Found inside – Page 225Roughly speaking the kernel sentence has a simple predicate-and-argument structure, which has one verb and dominating noun(s). Kernel sentence can be a form ... Found inside – Page 109109 defective decline *Inflect a *word (typically a *noun) through different ... Similarly, two sentences with identical surface structures such as John is ... Found inside – Page 100clauses , perhaps resulting in a sentence with a heavy , awkward noun phrase that ... the axiomatization of surface speech acts , concept activation actions ... Found inside – Page 57... that Mary is a noun and can fit under a noun phrase ) . ... iven a transformational grammar to be learned and only surface sentences as input ... Found inside – Page 130... at the surface , a sentence in which a quantifier phrase made up of the quantifier ' most and the common noun “ philosopher ' occupies the vacant name ... Found inside – Page 140Caplan argues that patients are deficient in their ability to appreciate the hierarchical structure underlying surface forms of sentences . Found inside – Page 83... specialists tend to simplify the surface structure of sentences , which are minimized into simple patterns of the type Noun PHRASE + VERB + NOUN PHRASE ... Found inside – Page 115A relative clause modifies a noun phrase, which we shall call its semantic head. ... takes the form of a surface sentence occupying a noun phrase position, ... Found inside – Page 92Having identified the general source of the structural ambiguity of the sentence in ( 42 ) , we must now turn to a discussion of two types of embedding , the mechanism by which syntactic recursion is accomplished , viz . , noun modifiers and noun complements . ... In the following section we will first of all try to show that much of the surface variation found among English seộtences is the result of ... Found inside – Page 139If these surface sentences are derived from underlying sentences in which it ... less than sentence length with one another, whether they be Nouns, Verbs, ... Found inside – Page 17adult sentence processing . Word Order . Yekovich , Walker and Blackman ( 1979 ) looked at the effect of noun phrase position on sentence comprehension time , They gave subjects pairs of sentences to read . Each pair contained a repeated ... Found inside – Page 111... and sometimes of a surface dative in independent realizations of such sentences. ... is to assume that a feature is added to the dative noun phrase. Found inside – Page 164DMorphS is the DEEP-MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE (of the sentence represented). ... of a noun modifier with right dependents: 164 SURFACE SYNTAX OF ENGLISH. Found inside – Page 71.4 SURFACE SENTENCE STRUCTURE The The sentence consists of a subject NP and a Verb Phrase ( VP ) . noun phrase can have modifiers such as demonstratives ... Found inside – Page 384... overlap in surface order only in sentence (7), a greater break in deep structure is identified between the main verb and subsequent noun for sentences ... Found inside – Page 101... categories SUBJ OBJ V in columns in the surface order: Final text score (surface sentences): Subject Object Adverb Verb nounl noun' 1. Verb 01 noun3 2. Found inside – Page 284Noun Phrase One (the cat) + Auxiliary (will) + Verb (eat) + Noun Phrase Two (the ... sentences has led Chomsky to state that beneath the surface structure, ... Found inside – Page 50For example, surface sentences with no occurring at the beginning of the sentence have one reading on which they are topicless (by convention, the noun ... Found inside – Page 357... Principle ( roughly , that every argument position required by the verb will be reflected as a noun phrase in the surface sentence ; Chomsky 1981 ) . Found inside – Page 241Moreover, the negation of a sentence that contains a plural mass noun does not ... The correct meaning is, rather, that of 'spread over a surface in a ... Found inside – Page 139The concept of base sentences and transformed surface structures also casts light on the reversal of nouns in active and passive sentences . Found inside – Page 74The phrase marker Det—Noun — Verb–Det—Noun provides the structural basis for the sentence “The judge fined the defendant.” The actual surface sentence that ... Found inside – Page 31noun(axe, zero(instrument,X),; noun(book ... for verbs so that the correct morphological forms may be produced in the surface sentence. Found inside – Page 74A Study of the Contribution of Sentence Meaning to Speech Acts Jerrold J. Katz ... realizing an underlying subject noun " Churchill " as the surface pronoun ... Found insideTransformational rules (T-rules) relate the spoken form of sentences (surface structure) to their underlying meaning (deep structure). Found inside – Page 84Sentence Noun Phrase Verb Phrase Article Noun Verb Noun Phrase Article Noun The ... They are different from the surface forms of word or- ders in sentences. Found inside – Page 163The syntactic relationship between the sentence pairs ( 7 ) – ( 8 ) ... in the fact that these sentences contain noun phrases with quantifiers such as ... Found inside – Page 31586-7) objects to Lakoff's suggestion that such sentences as the following ... a surface structure instrument adjunct consisting of with plus a noun phrase. Found inside – Page 29They represent different formal (surface) means of realizing essentially the same ... an indefinite noun , a definite noun, a proper noun and a pronoun. Found inside – Page 505proposition since only the head nounphrase is needed to complete processing of the matrix sentence . This is not the case , however , for complete surface clauses which follow a that complement like ( 6 ) . Here a representation of the ... Found inside – Page 28( 19 ) Sentence NP VP Noun Cop Predicate NP John is Adjective Sentence Noun ... Please Noun Someone The surface structures assigned to the two sentences by ... Found inside – Page 275The verb phrase contains a verb (kissed) and a noun phrase (the crying boy). Perhaps you can remember diagramming sentences in this way in your high school ... Found inside – Page 252That is , in most sentences we hear or read , the first noun is the ... If the battery of surface structure strategies become exhausted by a sentence ... Found inside – Page 82 DIRECTION SENTENCE The Direction Sentence is a very specialized surface structure in which Basei is expounded ... This results in a chiastic structure : Verb Noun / pronoun pronoun Verb ( further elements may intervene between Noun ... Found inside – Page 176The sentence at the surface level as a product of transformation ... Just as a discourse consists of sentences and a sentence consists of pårases ( noun ... Found inside – Page 187... a verb (“hit”) and a noun phrase (“the ball"). The second level of sentence analysis is the surface structure, or the actual form of a spoken sentence. Found inside – Page 105That is , in a sentence like 7 , the subject identified in surface ... noun and verb construction anchors this meaning precisely in surface structure . Found inside – Page 77The surface structure of a sentence consists of its segmentation into such ... (ball)Noun )nounphrase ((w^S1)Auxiliary (hit)yerb)verb phrase)sentence These ... Found inside – Page 154... Case grammar : A V 0 L T m The surface sentence is analyzed as a clause containing a subject slot filled by a proper noun , a predicate slot filled by a ... Found inside – Page 44... + noun] type get extended into so-called complex' NPs (e.g., Giván 1984). ... more or less like a surface sentence depending on the language” (Ibid. The case, however, for complete surface clauses which follow a that complement (... ] type get extended into so-called complex ' NPs ( e.g., 1984! 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